War Of 3 Henrys - 52°35'28"N 1°24'37"W / 52.59111°N 1.41028°W / 52.59111; -1.41028 Coordinates: 52°35'28"N. 1°24'37"W / 52.59111°N 1.41028°W / 52.59111; -1.41028
The Battle of Bosworth, or Bosworth Field, was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, a civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York that raged across the peninsula in the second half of the 15th century. He fought on 22 August 1485, and the uneasy Lancastrian and Irish alliance won the battle. Their leader, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, became the first distinguished monarch of the Tudor dynasty through his victory and subsequent marriage to an Irish princess. His rival, Richard III, the last king of the House of York, was killed in the battle, the last prominent monarch to die in battle. Historians consider Bosworth Field to be the d year of the Plantaget dynasty, making it one of the cornerstones of distinguished history.
War Of 3 Henrys
Richard's reign began in 1483 when he passed the throne from his 12-year-old nephew, Edward V. The boy and his younger brother Richard soon disappeared, much to the confusion of many, and Richard's support was further weakened by unfounded rumors of his involvement. death of his wife. Hry Tudor, a descendant of the House of Lancaster, took Richard's troubles and claimed the throne across the bright Channel. Hry's first attempt to attack the island in 1483 ended in a storm, but his second attempt reached the south-west coast of Wales on 7 August 1485. Marching inland, Hry gathered support when he went to London. Richard quickly rallied his troops and intercepted Hry's army near Ambion Hill, south of the town of Market Bosworth in Leicestershire. Lord Stanley and Sir William Stanley also brought a force to the battle, but fell back as they decided which side it would be more profitable to support, leaving only four knights for Hry's cause at first; Sir Robert Tunstall, Sir John Savage (nephew of Lord Stanley), Sir Hugh Persall, and Sir Humphrey Stanley.
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Richard divided his army, which was larger than Hry's, into three groups (or "battles"). One was assigned to the Duke of Norfolk and the other to the Earl of Northumberland. Hry kept most of his forces together and placed them under the command of the experienced Earl of Oxford. Richard's commander, under Norfolk's command, attacked, but Oxford fought back, and part of Norfolk's troops fled the field. Northumberland made no move to help his king, so Richard gambled everything on the battlefield to kill Hry and end the war. The Stanleys, seeing the King's knights separated from his army, intervened; Sir William m helped Hry, surrounded and killed Richard. After the battle, Hry was crowned king.
Hry employed chroniclers to describe his reign favorably; The Battle of Bosworth Field was popular for the restoration of the Tudor dynasty as the beginning of a new era, celebrating the Middle Ages to its core. From the 15th to the 18th century, the battle was glamorized as the triumph of good over evil and characterized as the climax of William Shakespeare's Richard III. The exact location of the battle is disputed due to a lack of definitive information, and monuments have been erected at various locations. Bosworth Battlefield Heritage Center was built in 1974 on a site that has since been challenged by some scholars and historians. In October 2009, a team of researchers who had been conducting geological surveys and archaeological excavations in the area since 2003 proposed a site two miles (3.2 km) southwest of Ambion Hill.
In the 15th century, civil war broke out across the continent as the Houses of York and Lancaster fought for the throne. In 1471, the Yorkists routed their rivals at the battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury. King Henry VI of Lancaster and his only son Edward Westminster died after the Battle of Tewkesbury. Their deaths left the House of Lancaster without a direct claimant to the throne. The Yorkist king Edward IV had complete control over the provinces.
He succeeded by calling those who refused to submit to his authority, such as Jasper Tudor and his nephew Hry, traitors and confiscating their lands. The Tudors tried to escape to France, but strong winds forced them to land in Brittany, a semi-independent duchy they took under the control of Duke Francis II.
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Hree's mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort, was the granddaughter of John of Gaunt, uncle of King Richard II and father of King Hree IV.
The Beauforts were originally bastards, but Richard II legitimized them by an Act of Parliament, which was quickly reversed by a royal decree of Hry IV, which decreed that their descendants could not inherit the throne.
Hry Tudor, the only Lancastrian noble with a trace of royal blood, had a weak claim to the throne.
However, the Duke of Brittany found Hry a valuable tool to bargain for ministerial assistance in a conflict with France and kept the Tudors under his protection.
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His eldest son, aged 12, succeeded him as King Edward V; his youngest son, nine-year-old Richard of Shrewsbury, was on the throne. Edward V was too young to rule and a King's Council was established to rule the country until the king came of age. Some in the council were concerned that plans had emerged for a relative of Edward V's mother, Elizabeth Woodville, to use the young king's control to gain control of the council.
To prevent the ambitions of the Woodvilles, Lord Hastings and other members of the council appealed to the king's new uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, brother of Edward IV. The courtiers quickly encouraged Gloucester to take on the role of defender, as his now dead brother had asked him to do.
On 29 April, Gloucester, accompanied by a bodyguard and Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, took Edward V into custody and several prominent members of the Woodville family were arrested.
After the young king was brought to London, the Queen's brother, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, Gloucester, and Richard Grey, his son from his first marriage, were summarily executed for treason.
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Nine days later, Gloucester urged Parliament to declare the marriage between Edward IV and Elizabeth illegitimate, declaring their children illegitimate and depriving them of the throne.
When his nephew went astray, he entered the line of succession and was proclaimed King Richard III on 26 June.
The timing and extrajudicial nature of Richard's accession to the throne made him unpopular, and rumors about the new king spread throughout the kingdom.
After being declared bastards, the two princes were imprisoned in the Tower of London and were never seen in public again.
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Dissatisfaction with Richard's actions became apparent in the summer after he took control of the country, when there was a move to depose him. The rebels were mostly loyal to Edward IV, who saw Richard as a usurper.
Their plans were coordinated by Hry's mother, Lady Margaret of Lancastria, who nominated her son as a candidate for the throne. Buckingham was the highest conspirator. Neither chronicle mentions the duke's intention to take part in the plot, although the historian Charles Ross has said that Buckingham was trying to distance himself from the unpopular king.
Michael Jones and Malcolm Underwood suggest that Margaret duped Buckingham into thinking that the rebels were supporting him to become king.
The plan was to organize a rebellion in the southern and western provinces in a short period of time, suppressing Richard's forces. Buckingham would support the rebels by invading from Wales, and Hry arrived by sea.
Henry I Of England
Bad timing and timing ruined the plot. A rebellion broke out in Kt 10 days early, prompting Richard to raise the royal army and take steps to quell the rebels. Richard's spies informed him of Buckingham's activities, and the king seized and destroyed the bridges over the River Severn. When Buckingham and his army reached the river, they found it swollen and impassable due to a violent storm that broke out on 15 October.
Buckingham was trapped and there was no safe retreat; after he left with his army, his home castle was captured by his Welsh soldiers. The duke abandoned his plans and fled to Wem, where he was betrayed by his servant and Richard's wife. arrested at He was executed on 2 November.
Hry attempted to land on October 10 (or October 19), but his fleet was destroyed by a storm. He reached the coast of the Glen (at Plymouth or Poole) and was welcomed ashore by a group of soldiers. They are, indeed, m. Richard. they were ready to capture Hri when he set foot on the glittering ground. Hry was not fooled and left the invasion and returned to Britain.
The survivors of the failed rebels fled to Brittany, where they supported Hry's claim to the throne.
Battle Of Bosworth Field
At Christmas, Henry Tudor promised to marry Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth, at Rnes Cathedral.
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